Bone bruises are a real thing
Dr. Stanley, McLeod Orthopaedics
Say the word “bruise” and most people think of the black-and-blue coloration caused when blood vessels under the skin leak. A bone bruise, also called a bone contusion or bone edema, can result in skin discoloration but there are many differences.
“A bone bruise can take months, or even longer to fully heal,” says Dr. Christopher Stanley, M.D. of McLeod Orthopaedics. “Complications include bone marrow changes that can cause serious inflammation, decreased blood flow, and fluid buildup inside the bone.”
Some of the most common bones to suffer bruising are in the heel, foot, ankle, hip, knee, and wrist. High-impact sports, such as soccer and football, pose the greatest risk, especially if the athlete does not wear proper protective gear. An auto crash, a fall or a hard hit from another person or inanimate object can trigger a bone bruise. Arthritis can also generate a bone bruise when two bones rub together after cartilage has worn away.
Some bone bruise symptoms appear similar to a muscle bruise. These symptoms are swelling and change of skin color. Joint pain near the impact zone, joint inflammation and stiffness, and pain or tenderness that lasts longer than a skin bruise are symptoms that point uniquely to a bone bruise.
Treatment can begin at home by elevating the leg, foot, knee, or arm with the bruise. Ice the swelling but avoid putting ice directly on the skin. Take over-the-counter pain medications, such as ibuprofen (Advil) or acetaminophen (Tylenol).
An Orthopedic Specialist may take X-rays, CT scans or MRIs to determine the extent of the injuries. The bone bruise might only be part of the problem or injury. For instance, a buildup of pressure in the soft tissue can decrease the blood and oxygen flowing to the tissues. Depending on the severity of the injury, you may need surgery.
If you sustain a bone bruise, do not ignore the pain and swelling and remove yourself from any athletic action.
Dr. Stanley cares for patients at McLeod Orthopaedics located at McLeod Medical Park Five, 1005 East Cheves Street, Florence, SC 29506.
Sources Include: McLeod Health, National Institutes of Health, Seminars in Imaging, European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology.